2021年考研英语（一）部分试题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.

One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.

The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 .

For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.

16 , there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

1. [A] pauses [B] returns [C] peaks [D] fades

2. [A] alternatively [B]formally [C]accidentally [D] generally

3. [A] while [B] since [C] once [D] until

4. [A] detection [B] accumulation [C] consumption [D] separation

5. [A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal [D] requirement

6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek [D] utilize

7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] included [D] predicted

8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted [D] applied

9. [A] with [B] above [C] by [D] against

10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored [D] played

11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] drew in [D] went by

12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant

13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved [D] controlled

14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] remove [D] explain

15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments

16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D] Instead

17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take

18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation [D] coordination

19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space

20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet [D] prescription

1. 【答案】C(peaks)

【解析】逻辑关系题。and then提示顺承，借助slowly decline(慢慢下降)可知，C项peaks(达到最高点)符合原文逻辑关系，即流动智力在成年早期达到峰值，之后很长一段时间趋于稳定，之后随着年龄增长，慢慢下降。本题答案为C项。

干扰选项：A项pauses(暂停)，B项returns(返回)和D项fades(逐渐消失)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。

2. 【答案】D(generally)

【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义，A项

alternatively(二者择一地)，B项formally(形式上地)，C项accidentally(偶然地)和D项generally(通常)，其中，D项generally(通常)最符合原文语义。本题答案为D项。

3. 【答案】A(while)

【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查句内逻辑关系，比较aging is inevitable和scientists are finding out that … may not be可知，inevitable和may not be提示语义相反，即“衰老不可避免”，与“科学家们发现大脑功能的某些变化可能并非不可避免”二者语义相反。A项while(尽管)提示让步，符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为A项。

干扰选项：B项since(由于)提示因果关系，C项once(一旦)提示条件关系，D项until(到……为止)提示顺承关系，均不符合原文逻辑关系。

4. 【答案】B(accumulation)

【解析】逻辑关系题。and提示并列，muscle loss和the 4 of body fat around the abdomen(腹部脂肪的 4 )互相并列，借助muscle loss(肌肉流失)可知，B项accumulation(积累)符合原文逻辑关系，即，肌肉流失和腹部脂肪堆积。本题答案为B项。

干扰选项：A项detection(侦查)，C项consumption(消耗)和D项separation(分离)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。

5. 【答案】A(possibility)

【解析】语境题。This指代上句的研究发现，本句继续介绍研究发现。比较各选项语义，A项possibility(可能性)，B项decision(决定)，C项goal(目标)和D项requirement(要求)，可知，A项possibility符合原文语义，即，这表明生活方式因素可能有助预防这种下降的可能性。本题答案为A项。

6. 【答案】A(delay)

【解析】逻辑关系题。or提示并列，借助prevent(预防)可知，A项delay(延期)符合原文逻辑关系，即预防或延迟流动智力下降。本题答案为A项。

干扰选项：B项ensure(保证)，C项seek(寻求)和D项utilize(利用)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。

7. 【答案】C(included)

【解析】语境题。本题考查连接data(数据)和measurements(测量结果)的动词词义。比较各选项语义，A项modified(修改)，B项supported(支持)，C项included(包括)和D项predicted(预 测)，可知C项included符合原文语义，即研究人员查看了包括4,000多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉群和腹部脂肪测量结果的数据。本题答案为C项。

8. 【答案】B(compared)

【解析】逻辑关系题。and提示并列，looked at data和 8 that data to reported changes互相并列，借助looked at(查看)可知，B项compared(比较)符合原文逻辑关系，且能与介词to构成固定搭配，compare … to…(将……与……相比)。本题答案为B项。

干扰选项：其余各项与介词to构成固定搭配，A项devoted … to…(把……用于)，C项converted … to…(把……转化为……)，D项applied … to…(把……应用于……)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。

9. 【答案】A(with)

【解析】固定搭配题。观察选项可知，本题考查介词用法。比较各选项，A项with(带有……)，B项above(在……上面)，C项by(通过……)和D项against(与……相反)，可知，A项with连接higher measures of abdominal fat，作后置定语修饰people，符合原文语义，即，有着更高腹部脂肪的中年人。本题答案为A项。

10. 【答案】C(scored)

【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义，A项lived(生活)，B项managed(管理)，C项scored(得分)和D项played(玩耍)，可知，C项scored符合原文语义，即，他们发现，有着更多腹部脂肪的中年人，在流动智力方面得分较低。本题答案为C项。

11. 【答案】D(went by)

【解析】固定搭配题。借助as the years(随着年岁……)，并比较各选项语义，A项ran out(用完)，B项set off(出发)，C项drew in(引诱)和D项went by(时间逝去)，可知，D项went by符合原文语义。本题答案为D项。

12. 【答案】B(attributable)

【解析】语境题。结合resulted from excess abdominal fat(腹部脂肪过多所致)，并比较各选项与介词to构成的搭配，A项superior to(比……好的)，B项attributable to(可归因于……)，C项parallel to(与……平行的)和D项resistant to(不受……损害的)，可知，B项attributable符合原文语义，即，对于女性来说，这种关联(腹部脂肪越高，流动智力方面的得分越低)可能要归因于腹部脂肪过多所致的免疫力变化。本题答案为B项。